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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4 percent of the population. It is associated by high rates of comorbidity, including anxiety, depression and substance abuse and significant social, emotional and occupational impairments. Both medication and psychotherapy are effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The most commonly prescribed medications are stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine. Medicines Many adults with ADHD have seen significant improvement in their symptoms and functioning in response to medication. Due to the various ways people respond to medications it is crucial for people with ADHD to discover a combination that works best. Stimulants, such as amphetamines and methylphenidate are the most commonly prescribed medication for adults suffering from ADHD. These stimulants are available in tablets or liquids in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hour. Some adults may supplement an immediate-release dose with an extended-release or longer-acting drug that is taken daily to decrease the need for frequent dosing throughout the day. Adults with ADHD are also treated successfully with antidepressants such as desipramine. This class of drugs may be used together with stimulants or alone to enhance their effects. They may also increase the risk of serious adverse consequences, like rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated with alprazolam and clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These medications were initially created to treat hypertension. They have a calming affect and can help improve focus and reduce the amount of hyperactivity and impulsivity in certain adults. These medications can cause very low blood pressure when they are abruptly stopped or the dosage is decreased. Adults with ADHD can also benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help them deal with their feelings of shame and embarrassment about their ADHD and anger toward supervisors, colleagues teachers, family members and others who might nag or criticize them. Marriage and family counseling is also a great way to help couples with ADHD improve their understanding of each other and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults suffering from ADHD seeks to improve everyday functioning by teaching strategies and skills. Psychotherapy can also aid those who suffer from ADHD overcome low self-esteem and sense of inadequacy that can be a result of this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is also referred to as cognitive behavioral therapy assists people in changing their negative thoughts and emotions that cause problems in their life. It teaches them new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy has proven to be effective for a variety of illnesses such as anxiety and depression. It can be utilized in conjunction with other treatments or on its own. CBT can also incorporate group therapy. This is particularly beneficial for adults with ADHD because it enables them to meet others who face similar challenges and discover how they deal with their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or via phone. One study compared the results of CBT against traditional therapy for adults with ADHD and found that both treatments led to improvement in self-report measures of symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD and all have shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect size. These improvements were associated with various modalities, including cognitive and interpersonal therapy as well as social skills training, problem solving training, and mindfulness meditation. It is essential to assess the efficacy between different treatment options for adults with ADHD with caution. It is possible that the differences in outcome results reflect a number of variables such as the characteristics of the treatment, the measures used, and patient backgrounds. Few studies have examined the effectiveness neurofeedback. This technique involves wearing a hat with electrodes while doing cognitive tasks to pinpoint brain areas in which there is excessive or inadequate activity. The person is then taught to regulate these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD have mood or anxiety disorders that require treatment. Counseling can address these problems which may be causing ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is among the psychotherapy approaches that can aid in improving the ability of individuals to manage conflicts and create lasting relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help control self-destructive, impulsive and negative behaviors that could create difficulties at school or at work. In some cases psychotherapy may be utilized in conjunction with medication for adults who are seeking treatment for adhd. Patients with co-occurring disorders like depression, substance abuse and bipolar disorder need to be assessed to ensure their symptoms aren't aggravated by medications used to treat ADHD. go to the website , like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and a history of seizures, must be treated with more vigor. If ADHD is serious enough to affect everyday functioning and quality of life intensive outpatient programs might be recommended. These programs offer an organized treatment that is more intense than the traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of cognitive therapy, helps people with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time and impulse control, as well as planning and executive functioning. It helps them understand and express their feelings and utilizes worksheets and activities to make the lessons more enjoyable. Mindfulness meditation training enhances CBT and improves a person's ability to focus and regulate their emotions. It enhances the capacity of a person's ability to handle stress and arousal. It helps them deal with anger, sadness and other difficult emotions that could be causing their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD frequently have difficulty functioning at home and at work. In addition to affecting work performance, these symptoms interfere with relationships and could result in financial issues. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you to improve your self-esteem and address the root of the issue. It can also assist you in developing healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a useful treatment for adults with ADHD because it teaches you how to change your negative beliefs and behaviors. Particularly, it focuses on teaching you to utilize strategies for managing time and overcoming mental distortions that lead to negative moods and the perception of a limited range of choices. Many people with ADHD have depression or anxiety disorders that are comorbid. adhd treatment in adults can cause or decrease the effectiveness of some drugs used to treat ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended that you treat the most severe disorder comorbid to ADHD first and observe the effect of medication prior to attempting treatment for the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you manage your work and life by establishing predictable routines to control your time and money and build an optimistic image of yourself. It can help you master relaxation methods that may reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Additionally yoga and other forms of exercise can help you focus better by ensuring your body is stable in different poses. Family and marriage counseling can help adults with ADHD to overcome the problems they create for their spouses, kids and other family members. They often complain about being unstable, unorganized, forgetful and often prone to making impulsive choices. Therapy and classes where spouses and other family members are educated on ADHD can help you establish healthier relationships. It can aid you and your family members realize that the problems are due to ADHD instead of an inability to care or an unwillingness to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that is extremely frequent. It is accompanied by a high rate of comorbidity, including anxiety, depression and substance abuse disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatment options. A variety of medications are available for adults suffering from ADHD and a few of them have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the drugs. Adults with ADHD have the same symptoms as children, however it isn't always easy to diagnose them because childhood symptoms might not last until adulthood. Adults with ADHD may not have an ancestral history of the disorder or may not remember symptoms. A thorough medical history is necessary to help determine whether the symptoms are due to a medical condition such as a thyroid problem or sleep apnea. It could also be due to hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning. Treatments for adults suffering from ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and non-stimulant medications. Stimulants are the most effective drugs to treat adults suffering from ADHD, and their responsiveness rates are within the 70-80% range. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are among the most commonly prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate can also be found in a transdermal system which permits continuous medication delivery throughout the day. Nonstimulant medications for adults with ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants that work on norepinephrine and dopamine. Desipramine, the most studied tricyclic, has been shown to be effective in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose medication and should be increased by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant that has been proven to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that works by blocking norepinephrine reuptake at the presynaptic transporter, increasing its availability in brain. This drug has been proven to boost mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity however it's not as effective in improving concentration or cognitive functions as stimulants.